Enhancing integrated circuit noise performance

ABSTRACT

A method, system, and computer program product for enhancing integrated circuit noise performance. The method is for arranging target wires in a target region, the method including: for each wire in the target wires, obtaining a signal jump interval with respect to each of the other wires in the target wires, wherein the signal jump interval of one wire with respect to a further wire is a time interval between occurrence of signal jump on the one wire and occurrence of signal jump on the further wire; calculating a corresponding time influence factor based on the signal jump interval, wherein the time influence factor is a decreasing function of the signal jump interval; and arranging the target wires in the target region based on the time influence factor. Coupling noise between wires may be reduced according to the technical solution of an embodiment of the present invention.

BACKGROUND

The present invention relates to the technology of integrated circuitdesign, and more specifically, relates to a method and apparatus forenhancing integrated circuit noise performance.

The development of integrated circuit manufacturing process results inan increasingly high chip density, while coupling noise between wiresalso becomes increasingly significant. The coupling noise will generatea coupling delta delay in wires, thereby causing damage to signal timesequence.

Generally, the longer the common portion between two parallel wires, themore significant the coupling noise is between the two wires. It wouldbe easily understood that when the lengths of two wires are relativelylong, their common portion is also usually long. The coupling noisebetween wires is also related to the distance between wires. The largerthe distance is, the smaller the coupling noise is. During wiring, asize of a target region and a number of wires that need to be arrangedor routed in that target region is usually fixed. Typically, thechannels or tracks available for arranging wires in the target regionare also fixed. One proposed solution to reduce coupling noise mayinclude arranging two long wires on channels spaced as far apart aspossible. For example, short wires are inserted between two long wires,or blank channels are inserted between long wires.

In a target region, a number of wires that need to be arranged might beapproximate to a number of channels in the target region. Therefore, itmay not be possible to insert short wires or blank channels between longwires in a particular target region due to a lack of available channels.

SUMMARY

Embodiments of the present invention provide a method and apparatus forenhancing integrated circuit noise performance.

A method for enhancing integrated circuit noise performance according toan embodiment of the present invention is for arranging target wires ina target region, the method including: for each wire in the targetwires, obtaining its signal jump interval with respect to each of theother wires in the target wires, wherein the signal jump interval of onewire with respect to a further wire is a time interval betweenoccurrence of signal jump on the one wire and occurrence of signal jumpon the further wire; calculating a corresponding time influence factorbased on the signal jump interval, wherein the time influence factor isa decreasing function of the signal jump interval; and arranging thetarget wires in the target region based on the time influence factor.

An apparatus for enhancing integrated circuit noise performanceaccording to an embodiment of the present invention is for arrangingtarget wires in a target region, the apparatus including: a signal jumpinterval obtaining module configured to, for each wire in target wires,obtain its signal jump interval with respect to each of the other wiresin the target wires, wherein the signal jump interval of one wire withrespect to a further wire is a time interval between occurrence ofsignal jump on the one wire and occurrence of signal jump on the furtherwire; a time influence factor determining module configured to calculatea corresponding time influence factor based on the signal jump interval,wherein the time influence factor is a decreasing function of the signaljump interval; and an arranging module configured to arrange the targetwires in the target region based on the time influence factor.

By virtue of the solution according to an embodiment of the presentinvention, the noise performance of the integrated circuit may beenhanced.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Through the more detailed description of an embodiment of the presentdisclosure in the accompanying drawings, the above and other objects,features and advantages of the present disclosure will become moreapparent, wherein in the an exemplary embodiment of the presentdisclosure, same reference numerals generally represent same components:

FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of an exemplary computer system/server 12which is applicable to implement an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary wire arrangement according to an embodiment ofthe present invention;

FIG. 3 shows a flow diagram of a method for enhancing integrated circuitnoise performance according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 shows a flow diagram of a method for enhancing integrated circuitnoise performance according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B show an exemplary wire arrangement according to anembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B show a comparison between the effect of the methodaccording to an embodiment of the present invention and the effect ofthe prior art;

FIG. 7 shows a block diagram of an apparatus for enhancing integratedcircuit noise performance according to an embodiment of the presentinvention.

Elements of the figures are not necessarily to scale and are notintended to portray specific parameters of the invention. For clarityand ease of illustration, scale of elements may be exaggerated. Thedetailed description should be consulted for accurate dimensions. Thedrawings are intended to depict only typical embodiments of theinvention, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scopeof the invention. In the drawings, like numbering represents likeelements.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Some preferable embodiments will be described in more detail withreference to the accompanying drawings, where a preferable embodiment ofthe present disclosure have been illustrated. However, the presentdisclosure can be implemented in various manners, and thus should not beconstrued to be limited to the embodiments disclosed herein. On thecontrary, those embodiments are provided for the thorough and completeunderstanding of the present disclosure, and completely conveying thescope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.

Referring now to FIG. 1, where an exemplary computer system/server 12which is applicable to implement an embodiment of the present inventionis shown. Computer system/server 12 is only illustrative and is notintended to suggest any limitation as to the scope of use orfunctionality of an embodiment of the invention described herein.

As shown in FIG. 1, computer system/server 12 is shown in the form of ageneral-purpose computing device. The components of computersystem/server 12 may include, but are not limited to, one or moreprocessors or processing units 16, a system memory 28, and a bus 18 thatcouples various system components including system memory 28 toprocessor 16.

Bus 18 represents one or more of any of several types of bus structures,including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, anaccelerated graphics port, and a processor or local bus using any of avariety of bus architectures. By way of example, and not limitation,such architectures include Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus,Micro Channel Architecture (MCA) bus, Enhanced ISA (EISA) bus, VideoElectronics Standards Association (VESA) local bus, and PeripheralComponent Interconnect (PCI) bus.

Computer system/server 12 typically includes a variety of computersystem readable media. Such media may be any available media that isaccessible by computer system/server 12, and it includes both volatileand non-volatile media, removable and non-removable media.

System memory 28 can include computer system readable media in the formof volatile memory, such as random access memory (RAM) 30 and/or cachememory 32. Computer system/server 12 may further include otherremovable/non-removable, volatile/non-volatile computer system storagemedia. By way of example only, storage system 34 can be provided forreading from and writing to a non-removable, non-volatile magnetic media(not shown and typically called a “hard drive”). Although not shown, amagnetic disk drive for reading from and writing to a removable,non-volatile magnetic disk (e.g., a “floppy disk”), and an optical diskdrive for reading from or writing to a removable, non-volatile opticaldisk such as a CD-ROM, DVD-ROM or other optical media can be provided.In such instances, each can be connected to bus 18 by one or more datamedia interfaces. As will be further depicted and described below,memory 28 may include at least one program product 40 having a set(e.g., at least one) of program modules 42 that are configured to carryout the functions of an embodiment of the invention.

Program/utility 40, having a set (at least one) of program modules 42,may be stored in memory 28 by way of example, and not limitation, aswell as an operating system, one or more application programs, otherprogram modules, and program data. Each of the operating system, one ormore application programs, other program modules, and program data orsome combination thereof, may include an implementation of a networkingenvironment. Program modules 42 generally carry out the functions and/ormethodologies of embodiments of the invention as described herein.

Computer system/server 12 may also communicate with one or more externaldevices 14 such as a keyboard, a pointing device, a display 24, etc.;one or more devices that enable a user to interact with computersystem/server 12; and/or any devices (e.g., network card, modem, etc.)that enable computer system/server 12 to communicate with one or moreother computing devices. Such communication can occur via Input/Output(I/O) interfaces 22. Still yet, computer system/server 12 cancommunicate with one or more networks such as a local area network(LAN), a general wide area network (WAN), and/or a public network (e.g.,the Internet) via network adapter 20. As depicted, network adapter 20communicates with the other components of computer system/server 12 viabus 18. It should be understood that although not shown, other hardwareand/or software components could be used in conjunction with computersystem/server 12. Examples include, but are not limited to: microcode,device drivers, redundant processing units, external disk drive arrays,RAID systems, tape drives, and data archival storage systems, etc.

Hereinafter, a method for enhancing integrated circuit noise performanceaccording to an embodiment of the present invention will be describedwith reference to FIGS. 2-7.

Referring now to FIG. 2, an exemplary wire layout 200 of an integratedcircuit is shown. In general, the wires may be divided into power supplylines and signal lines, wherein the power supply lines include powersource lines and ground lines, while the signal lines include screenedsignal lines and unscreened lines. The power source lines and groundlines do not transmit signals; therefore, it may be assumed that theymay not generate coupling noise to other wires and may not be influencedby coupling noise generated by other wires. Screened signal lines meansboth sides of the signal lines have been screened; therefore, it may beassumed that the signal lines will not generate coupling noise to otherwires and will not be influenced by coupling noise generated by otherwires. Generally, a clock signal line is a screened signal line. Thepower supply line and the screened signal line may be generally calledwires without a coupling effect. The wires without a coupling effectlikely also include other types of wires, as long as such wires may beassumed not to generate coupling noise to other wires and not to beaffected by coupling noise generated by other wires.

As shown in FIG. 2, a short wire 2 is inserted between a long wire 2 anda long wire 3, and a short wire 3 is between the long wire 3 and a longwire 4, while a blank channel is inserted between a long wire 1 and thelong wire 2. FIG. 2 also shows a short wire 1 adjacent to the long wire1 and a power supply wire adjacent to the long wire 4. When regionaldivision in an integrated circuit is small enough, all wires in theregion are parallel to one another. In the description below, theassumption is made that all wires are parallel to one another, i.e.,only the wires in a small enough region are adjusted.

Referring now to FIG. 3, a method 300 is shown. First, obtain a signaljump interval between each wire in a set of target wires, at step 301.The signal jump interval of one wire with respect to another wire isequal to a time interval between a signal jump occurring on one wire anda signal jump occurring on the other wire.

The target wires refer to wires that need to be arranged in a specifiedtarget region. As mentioned above, the coupling noise is only generatedbetween unscreened signal lines; therefore, it is first assumed that allof the target wires are unscreened signal lines.

The coupling noise between two wires is generated due to existence ofparasitic capacitance between the two wires. When a signal transmittedon one wire changes, it will incur charging and discharging of theparasitic capacitance, thereby affecting the other wire and causingsignal distortion on the other wire. Hereinafter, a wire incurringcoupling noise is called a transmission wire, and a wire suffering thecoupling noise is called a reception wire.

A signal on a wire is known. Therefore, the time interval betweenoccurrence of signal jump on the transmission wire and occurrence ofsignal jump on the reception wire would be easily derived. Due to thecomplexity of signals, for different signal jump on the transmissionwire, their corresponding time intervals are likely different. Forexample, for a first signal jump on the transmission wire, 10picoseconds later, a first signal jump will occur on the reception wire;for a second signal jump on the transmission wire, 20 picoseconds later,a second signal jump will occur on the reception wire. According to anembodiment of the present invention, a minimum value in possible timeintervals is used as the signal jump interval of the transmission wirewith respect to the reception wire.

Because signal change occurring on the transmission wire can influencethe signal transmitted later on the reception wire, when the timeinterval between signal jump of the transmission wire and signal jump ofthe reception wire is discussed, it refers to the scenario in whichsignal jump occurs first on the transmission wire and then signal jumpoccurs on the reception line.

For two wires, the transmission wire and the reception wire can beswitched. Suppose wire A has twice signal jump at time t1 and time t2respectively, and wire B has twice signal jump at time t3 and time t4respectively and the sequence in increasing time order of the four timesis t1, t3, t2, t4. At t1, the wire A is a transmission wire, while wireB is a reception wire. The time interval between the signal jump on thetransmission wire and the signal jump on the reception wire is t3-t1. Att3, the wire B is a transmission wire, and the wire A is a receptionwire, then the time interval between the signal jump on the transmissionwire and the signal jump of the reception wire is t2-t3. At t2, the wireA is a transmission wire, and the wire B is a reception wire; then thetime interval between the signal jump on the transmission wire and thesignal jump on the reception wire is t4-t2. So on and so forth.

Further, suppose the time interval t3-t1 is greater than the timeinterval t4-t2, then the signal jump interval of wire A with respect towire B is t4-t2. In turn, the signal jump interval of wire B withrespect to wire A is t2-t3.

Next, calculate a corresponding time influence factor based on thesignal jump interval, at step 302. The time influence factor is adecreasing function of the signal jump interval.

When the signal on the transmission wire jumps, for example, changingfrom a low level to a high level or changing from a high level to a lowlevel, the generated coupling noise is particularly significant. If thesignal on the reception wire also jumps later, then the later jump willbe delayed, which is called incremental delay. In other words, thetransmission wire has a time influence on the reception wire.

The coupling noise caused by signal jump on the transmission wire willfade gradually with time. In other words, if the time interval betweenthe time of signal jump on the transmission wire and the time of signaljump on the reception wire is greater than a certain time intervalthreshold, then the incremental delay caused by the signal jump on thetransmission wire to the signal jump on the reception wire may be smallenough to be accepted. In this case, it may be believed that thetransmission wire will not cause incremental delay to the receptionwire; then the time influence factor of the transmission wire withrespect to the reception wire is the minimum value. In other words, thelarger the time interval is, the smaller the time influence factor is.

Next, the target wires are arranged based on the time influence factor,at step 303.

As mentioned above, the longer the distance between two wires is, thesmaller the coupling noise is. Therefore, the principle of arranging thetarget wires based on the time influence factor is that two wires with alarger time influence factor should be spaced as far as possible. Itwould be appreciated that for any two wires, there are two timeinfluence factors. According to an embodiment of the present invention,a larger value in the two time influence factors may act as the timeinfluence factor between the two wires; also, a sum of the two timeinfluence factors may also act as the time influence factor between thetwo wires. After the time influence factor is derived between every twowires, the above principle may be implemented with various algorithms.

Hereinafter, a specific method of arranging the target wires based onthe time influence factor according to an embodiment of the presentinvention will be described with reference to FIG. 4.

Referring now to FIG. 4, a method 400 is shown. First, for each wire inthe target wires, its total time influence factor is calculated based onits time influence factor with respect to other wires, at step 401.

It is seen from the above description that for any wire, it has a timeinfluence factor with respect to any of the other wires. According to anembodiment of the present invention, the sum of these time influencefactors may act as the total time influence factor of the wire.

Next, the wires are sorted based on the total time influence factor, atstep 402. A wire with a larger total time influence factor means itsstronger capability of causing incremental delay to other wires.

Next, the wires are arranged in a target region according to the sortingsequence, where a wire with a larger total time influence factor isarranged in priority, at step 403.

An advantage of such practice is that a wire with a larger total timeinfluence factor has a greater opportunity to be spaced a longerdistance from another wire with a larger total time influence factor.

In the above description, it may be assumed that all target wires areunscreened wires. During the actual wiring process, not only theunscreened wires but also the wires without a coupling effect should bearranged in the target region. The wires without a coupling effectinclude screened wires, power source lines and ground lines, wherein thescreened wires are generally clock lines. Generally, the wires without acoupling effect are arranged in the target region prior to theunscreened wires.

As mentioned above, the wires without a coupling effect may not generatecoupling noise to other wires and also may not suffer influence from thecoupling noise generated by other wires. According to an embodiment ofthe present invention, the wire with a larger total time influencefactor may be arranged in priority on a channel adjacent to the wireswithout a coupling effect. This practice has an advantage that the wirewith a larger total time influence factor may generate coupling noise onthe wire arranged on only one side of the wire.

Hereinafter, the method of arranging wires without a coupling effectaccording to an embodiment of the present invention will be describedwith reference to FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B.

Referring now to FIG. 5A, an exemplary wire layout 500 of an integratedcircuit is shown. FIG. 5A shows a typical arrangement of wires without acoupling effect. In FIG. 5A VDD is a power source line, GND is a groundline, and CLK is a clock line. It is seen from FIG. 5A that VDDs, GNDs,and CLK are arranged in groups. VDDs, GNDs, and GLKs within one groupare arranged on adjacent channels. A plurality of blank channels arereserved between different groups.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, when arranging thewires without a coupling effect, the wires without a coupling effect arearranged such that any of the wires without a coupling effect and atleast a further wire without a coupling effect are arranged at two sidesof a blank channel.

Referring now to FIG. 5B, an exemplary wire layout or arrangement 550 ofan integrated circuit is shown. FIG. 5B shows an arrangement 550 ofwires without a coupling effect, according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

It is seen from FIG. 5B that a blank channel is reserved between VDD andGND and between GND and VDD, respectively. In this way, an unscreenedwire may be arranged between two wires without a coupling effect. Sucharranged unscreened wires will not generate coupling noise to otherwires or suffer influence from coupling noise generated by other wires.Therefore, a plurality of wires with the largest total time influencefactors will be further arranged in priority on channels between wireswithout a coupling effect, respectively.

In an embodiment shown in FIG. 4, for each wire in the target wires, itstotal time influence factor is calculated based on its time influencefactors with respect to other wires. According to a further embodimentof the present invention, for each wire in the target wires, its totaltime influence factor may be calculated based on the time influencefactors of other wires with respect to itself. The larger the total timeinfluence factor calculated as such is, the more susceptibly the wiresuffers from influences from other wires does, thereby generating anincremental delay. When the wires with larger total time influencefactors are arranged on the channels adjacent to the wires without acoupling effect or even arranged on the channels between wires without acoupling effect according to steps 402 and 403, the coupling noise theysuffer may be reduced.

Those skilled in the art would appreciate that for a certain targetregion, the number of unscreened wires is much larger than that of wireswithout a coupling effect. Therefore, only a part of the unscreenedwires may be arranged on the channels adjacent to the wires without acoupling effect. For other unscreened wires, in deciding which channelis to be arranged, the effect on the already arranged wires from theunscreened wires, as well as the effect on the unscreened wires from thealready arranged wires should be considered comprehensively. Thoseskilled in the art may appreciate that some weighted slack of timingcheck, etc., may also be applied.

Those skilled in the art would appreciate that the method according toan embodiment of the present invention may be used together with themethod of arranging target wires according to the lengths of the wiresin the prior art. For example, the time influence factors may bemodified based on the lengths of the wires. For example, when the lengthof a wire is relatively long, the time influence factor of the wire maybe increased; while the length of a wire is relatively short, the timeinfluence factor of the wire is reduced. Then, respective wires arearranged in the target region based on the modified time influencefactors.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the time influencefactors may be modified based on other factors. The factors include oneor more of transmission quality of signal on a wire, load on a wire,drive capability of the drive gate driving the wire, etc.

Referring now to FIGS. 6A and 6B, a graph 600 and a graph 650,respectively, are shown. FIGS. 6A and 6B show a comparison between thetechnical solution according to an embodiment of the present inventionand the technical solution of the prior art in terms of noiseperformance enhancement. In FIG. 6A, a circuit derived from wiringaccording to various technical solutions is simulated, thereby obtaininga total cross-coupling capacitance of all wires in the circuits, i.e., atotal incremental delay. In FIG. 6B, a circuit derived from wiringaccording to various technical solutions is simulated, thereby obtaininga worst cross-coupling capacitance of all wires in the circuit, i.e.,the longest incremental delay. The longitudinal coordinates in FIGS. 6Aand 6B represent incremental delay/cross-coupling capacitance, while thetransverse coordinates represent a ratio of the number of target wiresto the number of channels in the target region. In FIGS. 6A and 6B,triangular points correspond to the solution according to an embodimentof the present invention, square points correspond to a solution ofwiring according to wire length in the prior art, while the rhombuspoints correspond to the solution of random wiring. It is seen fromFIGS. 6A and 6B that the solution is improved in terms of noiseperformance enhancement according to a solution of an embodiment of thepresent invention. In particular, when the number of target wiresapproaches to the number of channels in the target region, the advantageof the method according to an embodiment of the present invention ismore apparent.

The apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention may beimplemented through a computer program running on an exemplary computersystem as shown in FIG. 1. Although FIG. 1 illustrates a hardwarestructure of a general computer system, since the computer system runsthe computer program to implement the solution according to anembodiment of the present invention, the computer system/server isconverted from a general computer system/server into the apparatusaccording to an embodiment of the present invention.

The apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, isgenerally implemented by a general computer system, and respectivedevices or modules composing the apparatus may be implemented byseparate hardware. The general computer which runs the computer programmay implement respective devices or modules in a time-division orprocessor core-division sharing manner. With the time-divisionimplementation as an example, at a particular time, the general computersystem may function as hardware specifically for implementing aparticular device or module; at a different time, the general computersystem may function as a different hardware specifically forimplementing different devices or modules. The device according to anembodiment of the present invention is a combination of a series ofapparatuses or modules implemented in hardware manner, not only afunctional module architecture. The apparatus according to an embodimentof the present invention may be an entity apparatus mainly implementingthe solution according to an embodiment of the present invention in ahardware manner.

Referring now to FIG. 7, an apparatus 700 is shown. The apparatus 700may enhance integrated circuit noise performance, according to anembodiment of the present invention, for arranging target wires in atarget region. The apparatus includes a signal jump interval obtainingmodule 701. The signal jump interval obtaining module 701 may beconfigured to, for each wire in the target wires, obtain its signal jumpinterval with respect to each of the other wires in the target wires,wherein the signal jump interval of one wire with respect to a furtherwire is a time interval between occurrence of signal jump on the onewire and occurrence of signal jump on the further wire. The apparatus700 includes a time influence factor determining module 702. The timeinfluence factor determining module 702 may be configured to calculate acorresponding time influence factor based on the signal jump interval,wherein the time influence factor is a decreasing function of the signaljump interval.

The apparatus 700 further includes an arranging module 703. Thearranging module 703 may be configured to arrange the target wires inthe target region based on the time influence factor. The arrangingmodule 703 may include a total time influence factor calculating moduleconfigured to, for each wire in the target wires, calculate its totaltime influence factor based on its associated time influence factor. Thearranging module 703 may further include a sorting module configured tosort the wires based on the total time influence factor. The arrangingmodule 703 may further include a priority arrangement module configuredto arrange the wires in the target region according to the sorting,wherein a wire with a larger total time influence factor is arranged inpriority. The arranging module 703 may further include anon-coupling-effect wire arrangement module configured to arrange a wirewithout a coupling effect in the target region. The priority arrangementmodule may include a module configured to arrange in priority a wirewith a larger total time influence factor on a channel adjacent to awire without a coupling effect.

The non-coupling-effect wire arrangement module may include a moduleconfigured to arrange wires without a coupling effect as such that anywire without a coupling effect and at least another wire without acoupling effect are arranged at two sides of a blank channel; where themodule configured to arrange, in priority, a wire with a larger totaltime influence factor on a channel adjacent to a wire without a couplingeffect comprises: a module configured to arrange in priority wires withlarger total time influence factors on channels between wires without acoupling effect, respectively.

The arranging module 703 includes: a module configured to modify thetime influence factor based on wire length, thereby obtaining a modifiedtime influence factor; and a module configured to arrange the targetwires in the target region based on the modified time influence factor.

The present invention may be a system, a method, and/or a computerprogram product. The computer program product may include a computerreadable storage medium (or media) having computer readable programinstructions thereon for causing a processor to carry out aspects of thepresent invention.

The computer readable storage medium can be a tangible device that canretain and store instructions for use by an instruction executiondevice. The computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but isnot limited to, an electronic storage device, a magnetic storage device,an optical storage device, an electromagnetic storage device, asemiconductor storage device, or any suitable combination of theforegoing. A non-exhaustive list of more specific examples of thecomputer readable storage medium includes the following: a portablecomputer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), aread-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROMor Flash memory), a static random access memory (SRAM), a portablecompact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), a digital versatile disk (DVD),a memory stick, a floppy disk, a mechanically encoded device such aspunch-cards or raised structures in a groove having instructionsrecorded thereon, and any suitable combination of the foregoing. Acomputer readable storage medium, as used herein, is not to be construedas being transitory signals per se, such as radio waves or other freelypropagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves propagatingthrough a waveguide or other transmission media (e.g., light pulsespassing through a fiber-optic cable), or electrical signals transmittedthrough a wire.

Computer readable program instructions described herein can bedownloaded to respective computing/processing devices from a computerreadable storage medium or to an external computer or external storagedevice via a network, for example, the Internet, a local area network, awide area network and/or a wireless network. The network may comprisecopper transmission cables, optical transmission fibers, wirelesstransmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers and/oredge servers. A network adapter card or network interface in eachcomputing/processing device receives computer readable programinstructions from the network and forwards the computer readable programinstructions for storage in a computer readable storage medium withinthe respective computing/processing device.

Computer readable program instructions for carrying out operations ofthe present invention may be assembler instructions,instruction-set-architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions,machine dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions,state-setting data, or either source code or object code written in anycombination of one or more programming languages, including an objectoriented programming language such as Smalltalk, C++ or the like, andconventional procedural programming languages, such as the “C”programming language or similar programming languages. The computerreadable program instructions may execute entirely on the user'scomputer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone softwarepackage, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computeror entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latter scenario,the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through anytype of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide areanetwork (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer(for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider).In an embodiment, electronic circuitry including, for example,programmable logic circuitry, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA), orprogrammable logic arrays (PLA) may execute the computer readableprogram instructions by utilizing state information of the computerreadable program instructions to personalize the electronic circuitry,in order to perform aspects of the present invention.

Aspects of the present invention are described herein with reference toflowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus(systems), and computer program products according to an embodiment ofthe invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchartillustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in theflowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented bycomputer readable program instructions.

These computer readable program instructions may be provided to aprocessor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, orother programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, suchthat the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computeror other programmable data processing apparatus, create means forimplementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or blockdiagram block or blocks. These computer readable program instructionsmay also be stored in a computer readable storage medium that can directa computer, a programmable data processing apparatus, and/or otherdevices to function in a particular manner, such that the computerreadable storage medium having instructions stored therein comprises anarticle of manufacture including instructions which implement aspects ofthe function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram blockor blocks.

The computer readable program instructions may also be loaded onto acomputer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other deviceto cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer,other programmable apparatus or other device to produce a computerimplemented process, such that the instructions which execute on thecomputer, other programmable apparatus, or other device implement thefunctions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block orblocks.

The flowchart and block diagrams in the figures illustrate thearchitecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementationsof systems, methods and computer program products according to variousembodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in theflowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portionof code, which comprises one or more executable instructions forimplementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be notedthat, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in theblock may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, twoblocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantiallyconcurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverseorder, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be notedthat each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, andcombinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchartillustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-basedsystems that perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations ofspecial purpose hardware and computer instructions.

The descriptions of the various embodiments of the present inventionhave been presented for purposes of illustration, but are not intendedto be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments disclosed. Manymodifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skillin the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the describedembodiments. The terminology used herein was chosen to best explain theprinciples of an embodiment, the practical application or technicalimprovement over technologies found in the marketplace, or to enableothers of ordinary skill in the art to understand an embodimentdisclosed herein.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method comprising: obtaining a signal jumpinterval between each wire in a set of target wires, wherein the signaljump interval of one wire in the set of target wires with respect toanother wire in the set of target wires is equal to a time intervalbetween an occurrence of a signal jump on the one wire and an occurrenceof a signal jump on the other wire; calculating a corresponding timeinfluence factor based on the signal jump interval, wherein the timeinfluence factor is a decreasing function of the signal jump interval;arranging, in priority, a wire with a larger total time influence factoron a channel adjacent to a wire without a coupling effect; providing acircuit derived from the arranged set of target wires; and fabricating ahardware device of the derived circuit.
 2. The method according to claim1, further comprising: arranging a wire without a coupling effect in thetarget region.
 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein arranging thewire without a coupling effect in the target region comprises: arrangingwires without a coupling effect such that a first wire without acoupling effect and a second wire without a coupling effect are arrangedat two sides of a blank channel.
 4. The method according to claim 1,wherein arranging the set of target wires in the target region based onthe time influence factor comprises: modifying the time influence factorbased on wire length, thereby obtaining a modified time influencefactor; and arranging the set of target wires in the target region basedon the modified time influence factor.
 5. The method according to claim1, wherein the set of target wires comprise a plurality of wiresdesignated to a specific target region on an integrated circuit design.6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the set of target wires areunscreened signal lines.
 7. A computer system comprising: one or morecomputer processors, one or more computer-readable storage media, andprogram instructions stored on one or more of the one or morecomputer-readable storage media for execution by at least one of the oneor more computer processors, the program instructions comprising:program instructions to obtain a signal jump interval between each wirein a set of target wires, wherein the signal jump interval of one wirein the set of target wires with respect to another wire in the set oftarget wires is equal to a time interval between an occurrence of asignal jump on the one wire and an occurrence of a signal jump on theother wire; program instructions to calculate a corresponding timeinfluence factor based on the signal jump interval, wherein the timeinfluence factor is a decreasing function of the signal jump interval;program instructions to arrange, in priority, a wire with a larger totaltime influence factor on a channel adjacent to a wire without a couplingeffect. program instructions to provide a circuit derived from thearranged set of target wires; and program instructions to fabricate ahardware device of the derived circuit.
 8. The computer system accordingto claim 7, further comprising: program instructions to arrange a wirewithout a coupling effect in the target region.
 9. The computer systemaccording to claim 8 wherein program instructions to arrange the wirewithout a coupling effect in the target region comprises: programinstructions to arrange wires without a coupling effect such that afirst wire without a coupling effect and a second wire without acoupling effect are arranged at two sides of a blank channel.
 10. Thecomputer system according to claim 7, wherein program instructions toarrange the set of target wires in the target region based on the timeinfluence factor comprises: program instructions to modify the timeinfluence factor based on wire length, thereby obtaining a modified timeinfluence factor; and program instructions to arrange the set of targetwires in the target region based on the modified time influence factor.11. The computer system according to claim 7, wherein the set of targetwires comprise a plurality of wires designated to a specific targetregion on an integrated circuit design.
 12. The computer systemaccording to claim 7, wherein the set of target wires are unscreenedsignal lines.
 13. A computer program product, the computer programproduct comprising: one or more computer-readable storage media andprogram instructions stored on the one or more computer-readable storagemedia, the program instructions comprising: program instructions totoobtain a signal jump interval between each wire in a set of targetwires, wherein the signal jump interval of one wire in the set of targetwires with respect to another wire in the set of target wires is equalto a time interval between an occurrence of a signal jump on the onewire and an occurrence of a signal jump on the other wire; programinstructions to calculate a corresponding time influence factor based onthe signal jump interval, wherein the time influence factor is adecreasing function of the signal jump interval; program instructions toarrange, in priority, a wire with a larger total time influence factoron a channel adjacent to a wire without a coupling effect; programinstructions to provide a circuit derived from the arranged set oftarget wires; and program instructions to fabricate a hardware device ofthe derived circuit.
 14. The computer program product according to claim13, further comprising: program instructions to arrange a wire without acoupling effect in the target region.
 15. The computer program productaccording to claim 14, wherein program instructions to arrange the wirewithout a coupling effect in the target region comprises: programinstructions to arrange wires without a coupling effect such that afirst wire without a coupling effect and a second wire without acoupling effect are arranged at two sides of a blank channel.
 16. Thecomputer program product according to claim 13, wherein programinstructions to arrange the set of target wires in the target regionbased on the time influence factor comprises: program instructions tomodify the time influence factor based on wire length, thereby obtaininga modified time influence factor; and program instructions to arrangethe set of target wires in the target region based on the modified timeinfluence factor.
 17. The computer program product according to claim13, wherein the set of target wires comprise a plurality of wiresdesignated to a specific target region on an integrated circuit design.18. The computer program product according to claim 13, wherein the setof target wires are unscreened signal lines.